1. Absolute Value
The absolute value of a number is its distance form 0 on a number line. It can
be thought of as the value of a number when its sign is ignored.
2. Algorithm
A set of rules for performing a mathematical procedure .
3. Associative Property
Allows addends or factors to be grouped and computed in different arrangements .
Ex. 2 + 3 + 5 can be grouped as (2 + 3) + 5 or 2 + (3 + 5).
4. Commutative Property
The order of the addition or multiplication of two numbers does not change the
result.
For two numbers a and b, a + b = b + a, and a * b = b * a.
5. Distributive Property
The Distributive Property shows how multiplication combines with addition or
subtraction.
For three numbers a, b, and c, a(b + c) = ab + ac.
6. Integers
The whole numbers and their opposites. 0 is an integer, but is neither positive
nor negative.
7. Inverse Operations
Operations that “undo” each other. Addition and subtraction are inverse
operations. For example, 7 – 4 + 4 =7.
8. Negative Number
A number less than 0. On a number line, negative numbers are located to the left
of 0.
9. Number Sentence
A mathematical statement that gives the relationship between two expressions
that are composed of numbers and operation signs. For example, 3 + 2 = 5 and 6 X
2 >10 are number sentences.
10. Opposites
Two numbers whose sum is 0. For example, -3 and 3 are opposites. On a number
line, opposites are the same distance from 0 but in different directions than 0.
11. Order of Operations
Established order in which to perform mathematical operations.
a) Compute any expressions within parentheses
b) Compute any exponents
c) Multiply and divide in order from left to right
d) Add and subtract in order form left to right
12. Positive Number
A number greater than 0. On a number line, positive numbers are located to the
right of 0.
13. Quadrants
The four sections into which the coordinate plane is divided by the x- and y-
axes. The quadrants are labeled as: Quadrant I, II, III, IV.
14. Rational Numbers
Numbers that can be expressed as a quotient of two integers where the divisor is
not zero. For example, ½, 9/11, and -7/5 are rational numbers. Also, 0.799 is
rational.
15. Fraction
A number that can be represented as a ratio of two real numbers. Example:
16. Addition
An operation joining two or more sets where the result is the whole.
17. Subtraction
An operation that is a removal of sets from an initial set; or finds the
difference between two amounts when comparing two quantities .
18. Operation
A mathematical process that combines numbers; basic operations of arithmetic
include addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
19. Predict
To tell about or make known in advance, especially on the basis of special
knowledge or inference.
20. Dimension
The length, width, or height of an object.
21. Change
The become different. For example, temperatures rise and fall, prices increase
and decrease, and so on.
22. Coordinate graph
A graphical representation of pairs of related numerical values that shows the
relationship between two variables. It relates the independent variable (shown
on the x-axis) and the dependent variable (shown on the y-axis).
23. Coordinate pair
An ordered pair of numbers used to locate a point on a coordinate grid. The
first number in the pair is the x-coordinate and the second number in the pair
is the y-coordinate. Examples, (4, 12), (-4, 7).
24. Equation/Formula
A rule containing variables that represents a mathematical relationship. An
example is the formula for finding the area of a rectangle: A= lw
25. Pattern
The arrangement of numbers, pictures, etc., in an organized and predictable way.
Example: 3, 6, 9, 12,.... or
26. Relationship
An association between two or more variables. If one of the variables changes,
the other variable may also change, and the change may be predictable.
27. Rule
A summary of a predictable relationship that tells how to find the value of a
variable. A rule may be given in words or as an equation.
28. Scale
A labeling scheme used on each of the axes on a coordinate grid.
29. Table
A list of valued for two or more variables that shows the relationship between
them. Tables often represent data made from observations, from experiments, or
from a series of arithmetic
30. Variable
A quantity that can change. Letters are often used as symbols to represent
variables in rules or equations that describe patterns. Examples include x and
y.
31. X-axis
The number line that is horizontal on a coordinate grid.
32. Y-axis
The number line that is vertical on a coordinate grid.
33. Proportion
An equation stating that two ratios are equal.
34. Rate
A comparison of quantities measured in two different units is called a rate. A
rate can be thought of as a direct comparison of two sets (20 cookies for 5
children) or as an average amount (4 cookies per child).
35. Ratio
A ratio is a number, often expressed as a fraction , used to make comparisons
between two quantities. Ratios may also be expressed as equivalent decimals or
percents, or given in the form a : b.
36. Scale/Scaling
The scale is the number used to multiply both parts of a ratio to produce an
equal, but possibly more informative, ratio.
37. Unit Rate
A unit rate is a rate in which the second number (usually written as the
denominator ) is 1, or 1 of a quantity. For example, 1.6 children per family, 32
miles per gallon are unit rates.
38. Complementary angles
Complementary angles are a pair of angles whose measures add to 90 degrees.
39. Corresponding
Corresponding sides or angles have the same relative position in similar
figures.
